橡膠是指具(ju)有(you)可逆形變的(de)高彈(dan)性聚合物(wu)材料，在(zai)室溫下富有(you)彈(dan)性，在(zai)很小的(de)外(wai)力(li)作用(yong)下能(neng)產生較大(da)形變，除去外(wai)力(li)后能(neng)恢復原狀。橡膠屬于完全無定型聚合物(wu)，它(ta)的(de)玻璃(li)化(hua)轉(zhuan)變溫度（T g）低，分子(zi)量往(wang)往(wang)很大(da)，大(da)于幾十(shi)萬。

橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)分為天然(ran)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)與合(he)成橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)二種(zhong)。天然(ran)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)是(shi)從(cong)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)樹、橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)草等植物(wu)中(zhong)提取膠(jiao)質后(hou)加(jia)工制(zhi)成；合(he)成橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)則由各(ge)種(zhong)單體(ti)經聚合(he)反(fan)應而得(de)。橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)制(zhi)品(pin)廣泛應用(yong)于(yu)工業或生活(huo)各(ge)方面。

通用型橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)較好(hao)(hao)，應(ying)用廣泛(fan)。主要有：①天(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，從三(san)葉橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)樹的乳(ru)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)制(zhi)得(de)(de)，基本(ben)化(hua)學成(cheng)分為順(shun)(shun)- 聚異(yi)(yi)戊二(er)烯(xi)(xi)。彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)好(hao)(hao)，強(qiang)度(du)高，綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)好(hao)(hao)。②異(yi)(yi)戊橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，全(quan)名(ming)為順(shun)(shun)-1，4-聚異(yi)(yi)戊二(er)烯(xi)(xi)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，由異(yi)(yi)戊二(er)烯(xi)(xi)制(zhi)得(de)(de)的高順(shun)(shun)式合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，因其(qi)結構和(he)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)與天(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)近似，故又稱(cheng)(cheng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)天(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。③丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)苯(ben)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，簡(jian)稱(cheng)(cheng)SBR，由丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)二(er)烯(xi)(xi)和(he)苯(ben)乙烯(xi)(xi)共聚制(zhi)得(de)(de)。按生產方法分為乳(ru)液聚合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)苯(ben)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)和(he)溶液聚合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)苯(ben)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。其(qi)綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)和(he)化(hua)學穩定性(xing)(xing)好(hao)(hao)。④順(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，全(quan)名(ming)為順(shun)(shun)式-1，4-聚丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)二(er)烯(xi)(xi)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，簡(jian)稱(cheng)(cheng)BR，由丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)二(er)烯(xi)(xi)聚合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)制(zhi)得(de)(de)。與其(qi)他通用型橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)比(bi)，硫化(hua)后的順(shun)(shun)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)寒性(xing)(xing)、耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)磨性(xing)(xing)和(he)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)特別(bie)優異(yi)(yi)，動負荷(he)下發(fa)熱少，耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)老化(hua)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)好(hao)(hao)，易與天(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、氯(lv)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)腈橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)等并用。⑤氯(lv)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，簡(jian)稱(cheng)(cheng)CR，由氯(lv)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)二(er)烯(xi)(xi)聚合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)制(zhi)得(de)(de)。具(ju)有良好(hao)(hao)的綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)，耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)油、耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)燃、耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)氧化(hua)和(he)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)臭氧。但其(qi)密度(du)較大，常溫下易結晶變(bian)硬，貯存性(xing)(xing)不好(hao)(hao)，耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)寒性(xing)(xing)差。